Real-time and near real-time displacement monitoring with GNSS observations in the mining activity areas

Ground deformations can be determined via various measurement methods, such as levelling, laser scanning, satellite navigation systems, synthetic aperture radar, and many others. In this paper, the authors present cross-validation displacement monitoring results obtained real-time (RT) near (NRT) GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) calculation scenarios. To verify validate quality of RT NRT long-term displacements, an independent post-processing (P-P) service was established. The study area located in Upper Silesian coal mining region Poland. verification procedure for systems included a demonstration achieved accuracy, time span required to detect significant displacement, determination minimum detectable value deformation. Regarding P-P data source, had RMS errors approximately 2 4 mm horizontal components, while ranged from 5 10 mm. vertical direction, strategy 5-6 mm, accuracy values deformation were 5, 7, 11 northern, eastern, up directions, respectively. For system, 15 20 components.